This article reviews blue shortwave-excited luminescence (BSL) in natural minerals and synthetic materials. It also describes in detail the emission of seven minerals and gems displaying BSL, as well as three references in which BSL is caused by titanate groups (TiO6): benitoite, Ti-doped synthetic sapphire and spinel. Emission (under 254 nm shortwave excitation) and excitation spectra are provided, and fluorescence decay times are measured. It is proposed that BSL in beryl (morganite), dumortierite, hydrozincite, pezzotaite, tourmaline (elbaite), some silicates glasses, and synthetic opals is due to titanate groups present at a concentration of 20 ppmw Ti or above. They all share a broad emission with a maximum between 420 and 480 nm (2.95 to 2.58 eV) (thus perceived as blue), and an excitation spectrum peaking in the short-wave range, between 230 and 290 nm (5.39 to 4.27 eV). Furthermore, their luminescence decay time is about 20 microseconds (from 2 to 40). These three parameters are consistent with a titanate emission, and to our knowledge, no other activator.

Minerals Stock Illustrations – 31,976 Minerals Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart - Dreamstime

Encyclopedia of Rocks an Minerals Edited by A.F.L. Deeson 9780517505502

Crystalyx - Feed tags and trace mineral levels: Do they tell the whole story?

Pyrochlore Supergroup: Mineral information, data and localities., ivan mesquita independência da bahia

Offer free choice or mix with feed rations, - Offer to cattle on forage and feed with poorer nutrient density, - Fortified with selenium, calcium,

Redmond Beef Mineral Mix, 50lb

食品分析 4. Ash and minerals The ash content of a foodstuff is the

Minerals, Free Full-Text

Cattle - CFC OptiMag Mineral - CFC Farm & Home

Trace Minerals, Keto Electrolyte Powder, Sugar Free, Full Spectrum, Avoid Dehydration & Muscle Cramps, Promotes Energy and Endurance, Gluten Free, Vegan, Lemon Lime