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SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is not pro-inflammatory in human primary macrophages: endotoxin contamination and lack of protein glycosylation as possible confounders
Frontiers Early suppression of antiviral host response and protocadherins by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces TLR4-mediated long-term cognitive dysfunction recapitulating post-COVID-19 syndrome in mice - ScienceDirect
SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than spike protein, triggers a cytokine storm originating from lung epithelial cells in patients with COVID-19
More than a key—the pathological roles of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 related cardiac injury - ScienceDirect
Cureus, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Activation, p53, and Autophagy Inhibition Characterize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein Induced Neurotoxicity
SciELO - Brasil - In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and
Biomedicines, Free Full-Text
Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 Induces Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces a differential monocyte activation that may contribute to age bias in COVID-19 severity
